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The Second World War〔As noted in the article on World War II, the official name of this conflict varies from country to country. In Canada, official historians refer to the conflict as "the Second World War".〕 officially began on 1 September 1939, with the German invasion of Poland. Britain and France declared war on the Third Reich, two days later, on 3 September 1939. One week later, on 10 September 1939, Canada likewise declared war on Germany, the country's first independent declaration of war〔CBC Archives, (On This Day, Sept. 10, 1939 )〕 and the beginning of Canada's participation in the largest combined national effort in its history. By the war's end, over 1.6 million citizens would serve in military uniform (out of a prewar population of 11 million) and Canada would possess the fourth-largest air force and fifth-largest naval surface fleet in the world. Originally it was thought that Canada had the third-largest navy in the world, but with the fall of the Soviet Union new data based on Japan and the USSR came to light and it was found to be incorrect.〔http://www.navalreview.ca/wp-content/uploads/public/vol5num3/vol5num3art2.pdf〕 ==Overview== Canada's military was active in every theatre of war, though most battles occurred in Italy,〔Canadian War Museum ("The Italian Campaign" ). Retrieved on: 5 August 2007.〕 Northwestern Europe,〔Canadian War Museum ("Liberating Northwest Europe" ). Retrieved on: 5 August 2007.〕 and the North Atlantic. Over the course of the war, 1.1 million Canadians served in the Army, Navy, and Air Force. Of these more than 45,000 lost their lives and another 54,000 were wounded.〔Canadian War Museum ("Counting the Cost" ). Retrieved on: 5 August 2007.〕 The financial cost was $21,786,077,519.13, between the 1939 and 1950 fiscal years.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=World War II )〕 By the end of the War, Canada had the world's fourth largest air force,〔Canadian Air Force Journal, Vol. 3, No. 1, ("World's Fourth Largest Air Force?" )〕 and fifth largest navy.〔''World War '' – Willmott, H.P. et al.; Dorling Kindersley Limited, London, 2004, Page 168 Retrieved on: 17 May 2010.〕 As well, the Canadian Merchant Navy completed over 25,000 voyages across the Atlantic.〔Veterans Affairs Canada ("The Historic Contribution of Canada's Merchant Navy" ). Retrieved on: 5 August 2007.〕 Many Allied pilots trained in Canada during the war. Canadians also served in the militaries of various Allied countries. On D-Day, 6 June 1944, the landings at Normandy created two beachheads; one by American forces at Omaha Beach, and another by U.S. forces at Utah, adjacent to the landings of the 2nd British Army at Sword, Juno and Gold. The Juno landings were made primarily by the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division. The war had significant cultural, political and economic effects on Canada, including the conscription crisis which affected unity between Canadian francophones and anglophones. However, the war effort not only strengthened the Canadian economy but further established Canada as a major actor on the world stage.〔Stacey, C. ("World War II: Cost and Significance" ). ''The Canadian Encyclopedia'' online (Historica). Revised by N. Hillmer. Retrieved on: 5 August 2007.〕 On 3 September 1939, to control inflation, the federal government established the Wartime Prices and Trade Board. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Military history of Canada during World War II」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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